Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 in Spanish schoolchildren.

INTRODUCTION: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren. METHOD: Validation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into 2 groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance across the sexes. RESULTS: The results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising 6 factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most of the EAT-21 factors. We found measurement invariance across the sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The abbreviated EAT-21 scale exhibited modest and promising psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument for assessing DEABs in both sexes in educational settings.

Demonstrating the reliability of in vivo metabolomics based chemical grouping: towards best practice.

While grouping/read-across is widely used to fill data gaps, chemical registration dossiers are often rejected due to weak category justifications based on structural similarity only. Metabolomics provides a route to robust chemical categories via evidence of shared molecular effects across source and target substances. To gain international acceptance, this approach must demonstrate high reliability, and best-practice guidance is required. The MetAbolomics ring Trial for CHemical groupING (MATCHING), comprising six industrial, government and academic ring-trial partners, evaluated inter-laboratory reproducibility and worked towards best-practice. An independent team selected eight substances (WY-14643, 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline, 17α-methyl-testosterone, trenbolone, aniline, dichlorprop-p, 2-chloroaniline, fenofibrate); ring-trial partners were blinded to their identities and modes-of-action. Plasma samples were derived from 28-day rat tests (two doses per substance), aliquoted, and distributed to partners. Each partner applied their preferred liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics workflows to acquire, process, quality assess, statistically analyze and report their grouping results to the European Chemicals Agency, to ensure the blinding conditions of the ring trial. Five of six partners, whose metabolomics datasets passed quality control, correctly identified the grouping of eight test substances into three categories, for both male and female rats. Strikingly, this was achieved even though a range of metabolomics approaches were used. Through assessing intrastudy quality-control samples, the sixth partner observed high technical variation and was unable to group the substances. By comparing workflows, we conclude that some heterogeneity in metabolomics methods is not detrimental to consistent grouping, and that assessing data quality prior to grouping is essential. We recommend development of international guidance for quality-control acceptance criteria. This study demonstrates the reliability of metabolomics for chemical grouping and works towards best-practice.

Beneficios de la musicoterapia en las alteraciones conductuales de la demencia. Revisión sistemática / Benefits of music therapy on behaviour disorders in subjects diagnosed with dementia: a systematic review

Introducción. La demencia se caracteriza por un deterioro cognitivo y por la aparición de síntomas psicológicos y conductuales, entre los que destacan las alteraciones de percepción, del contenido del pensamiento, estado de ánimo y de conducta. Para tratar estos síntomas, además del tratamiento farmacológico, se utilizan intervenciones no farmacológicas, entre ellas la musicoterapia. Esta técnica novedosa, por sus características no verbales, puede ser usada en todas las fases del tratamiento de las personas con demencia ya que, aunque haya un gran deterioro cognitivo, las respuestas ante la música se mantienen hasta los estadios más avanzados de la enfermedad. Desarrollo. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica con un intervalo temporal entre 2003 y 2013 en las bases de datos Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Science Direct y Dialnet. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron la combinación de las palabras claves «music therapy, dementia, behaviour, behavioural disorders y behavioural disturbances». Se seleccionaron 11 registros de los 2188 localizados tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con musicoterapia es beneficioso para mejorar las alteraciones conductuales, la ansiedad y la agitación en pacientes con demencia (AU)

Introduction. Dementia is characterised by cognitive deterioration and the manifestation of psychological and behavioural symptoms, especially changes in perception, thought content, mood, and conduct. In addition to drug therapy, non-pharmacological treatments are used to manage these symptoms, and one of these latter treatments is music therapy. Since this novel technique in non-verbal, it can be used to treat patients with dementia at any stage, even when cognitive deterioration is very severe. Patients’ responses to music are conserved even in the most advanced stages of the disease Development. A literature research was carried out using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Science Direct y Dialnet. The period of publication was 2003 to 2013 and the search keywords were «Music Therapy, Dementia, Behaviour, Behaviour Disorders y Behavioural Disturbances». Out of the 2188 studies that were identified, 11 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Conclusions. Music therapy is beneficial and improves behavior disorders, anxiety and agitation in subjects diagnosed with dementia (AU)

Benefits of music therapy on behaviour disorders in subjects diagnosed with dementia: a systematic review. / Beneficios de la musicoterapia en las alteraciones conductuales de la demencia. Revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is characterised by cognitive deterioration and the manifestation of psychological and behavioural symptoms, especially changes in perception, thought content, mood, and conduct. In addition to drug therapy, non-pharmacological treatments are used to manage these symptoms, and one of these latter treatments is music therapy. Since this novel technique in non-verbal, it can be used to treat patients with dementia at any stage, even when cognitive deterioration is very severe. Patients' responses to music are conserved even in the most advanced stages of the disease DEVELOPMENT: A literature research was carried out using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Science Direct y Dialnet. The period of publication was 2003 to 2013 and the search keywords were 'Music Therapy, Dementia, Behaviour, Behaviour Disorders y Behavioural Disturbances'. Out of the 2188 studies that were identified, 11 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: Music therapy is beneficial and improves behavior disorders, anxiety and agitation in subjects diagnosed with dementia.

Identification of phenolic compounds in rosemary honey using solid-phase extraction by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.

Complex extracts of rosemary honey constituents often require very effective separation techniques to allow the identification of different compounds. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) detection can provide structure-selective information about the analytes in such matrices and has turned out to be an attractive alternative to HPLC methods. A simple and cost-effective analytical method involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS) to identify and characterize phenolic compounds in rosemary honey is described. The SPE, CE and ESI-MS parameters were optimized in order to maximize the number of phenolic compounds detected and the sensitivity of their determination. All CE-ESI-MS experiments were performed with uncoated fused-silica capillaries and an alkaline volatile buffer system consisting of 100 mM NH(4)Oac with 10% of 2-propanol at pH 10. Since sheath liquids can made significant effects on the sensitivity in typical CE-ESI-MS application, the effect of type and flow rate of the sheath liquid on the sensitivity of phenolic compounds were investigated. As result, the best sensitivity was obtained with a sheath liquid containing 2-propanol/water 60:40 (v/v) and 0.1% (v/v) of triethylamine at 3 microL/min in the negative ion mode. We describe the first method for the analysis of phenolic compounds in rosemary honey at mg/L levels by using a simple SPE before CE-ESI-MS analysis.

Advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in products derived from bees.

Honey and propolis are rich in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants, and are becoming increasingly popular because of their potential role in contributing to human health. These compounds can also be used as indicators in studies into the floral and geographical origin of the honey and propolis themselves. We present here an overview of current analytical methods for measuring polyphenols in honey and propolis. The analytical procedure to determine individual phenolic compounds involves their extraction from the sample, analytical separation and quantification. The techniques reviewed are based on spectrophotometry as well as analytical separation techniques such as gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.